Reinforcement Role in Operant and Classical Conditioning

[pic] The Cyprus Institute of Marketing Nicosia Subject: Consumer Behaviour Lecturer: Avgi Avgousti Program: ADBA Words: 1912 Date due:14.12.2012 Name of Student: Elena Kapona Andreou Student Registration Number: CYN/136/11 The concept of reinforcement is very important in the learning of consumer preferences. Explain why and discuss this relation to the Classical and Operant Conditioning Theories. Support your answer with examples. Table of content: Page 1 - introduction Page 2 –about learning Page 3 - classical conditioning Page 4-5 – examples of classical conditioning Page 6-7 – operant conditioning Page 8- about reinforcement and its role in classical and†¦show more content†¦5†¦ But, Evans et al.(2006) states that â€Å"the frequency of occurrence of a specific behaviour is modified by the consequences of the outcome of that behaviour† (p. 62) This approach was called operant or instrumental conditioning and demonstrate that learning can be persuaded or reinforced through positive reinforcers. Solomon et al. (2002) explain that operant conditioning occurs as the individual learns through external stimulus to perform behaviours that create positive feelings and avoid those which produce negative outcomes. At this point, we have to underline the first big difference between classical conditioning and operant or instrumental conditioning. â€Å"While responses in classical conditioning are involuntary and fairly simple, those in instrumental conditioning are made deliberately to obtain a goal and may be more complex. The desired behaviour may be learned over a period of time, as intermediate actions are rewarded in a process called shaping† (Solomon et al. 2002, p. 67) As we will see in the following sections, in the learning process there are three essential factors worth to acknowledge: association, reinforcement and motivation. Association arise by connection in time and place of two events. This is one of the most simpleShow MoreRelatedReinforcement Role in Operant and Classical Conditioning2066 Words   |  9 Pagesof reinforcement is very important in the learning of consumer preferences. Explain why and discuss this relation to the Classical and Operant Conditioning Theories. Support your answer with examples. Table of content: Page 1 - introduction Page 2 –about learning Page 3 - classical conditioning Page 4-5 – examples of classical conditioning Page 6-7 – operant conditioning Page 8- about reinforcement andRead MoreA Study on Operant and Classical Conditioning1477 Words   |  6 PagesOperant and Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning best explains reflective responding that is largely controlled by stimuli preceding the response, while operant conditioning is the kind of learning influenced by stimulus events that follow the responses. (Weiten). In operant conditioning, reinforcement is defined as after the fact. Reinforcement follows a response and increases tendency to make the response. In classical conditioning, the reinforcement comes before the response is madeRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1204 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as classical conditioning and operant conditioning. These forms of learning are very practical and can be seen and used in everyday life. Classical and operant conditioning are different forms of learning which have importance in everyday life and can be found in advertising, PTSD, and even lifestyle changes. To fully understand the importance of classical and operant conditioning, it is important to first understand what they are and how they are different. Classical conditioningRead MorePhobias1174 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped through operant conditioning and how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. This essay also examines the distinctions between classical and operant condition and examines â€Å"extinction† as it relates to psychological theory and how extinction is achieved in classical and operant conditioning. Phobias and Addictions Numerous psychologists believe that behaviors are learned through conditioning. These conditionings are known as operant, which is based onRead MoreLearning Experience Paper1290 Words   |  6 Pagesregards to classical conditioning, operant conditioning and cognitive- social learning theory. First of all, I would begin by describing my experience of learning to fear lizards with regards to classical conditioning. To give some context to the situation, I was raised in India where lizards, usually in large numbers, are often found on walls particularly during the summer months. I strongly believe that my fear of lizards can be explained using Pavlov s classical conditioning. Classical conditioningRead MoreThe Application Of Operant Learning909 Words   |  4 PagesJane Tien Thuy Nguyen Professor Shaun Vecera Section 18 Elementary Psychology 05 October 2014 The Application of Operant Learning Operant conditioning and classical conditioning are two completely different forms of learning. Classical conditioning, discovered by Ivan Pavlov, is associated with learning through the process in which one reacts to a neutral stimulus. This process involves matching a neutral stimulus to a stimulus (UCS) that produces an unconditioned response (UCR), or a reflex, forRead MoreSkinner Behavioral Analysis Summary972 Words   |  4 Pagesgenetics. Conditioning According to our text Skinner recognized two forms of Conditioning. One is called classical and the other is operant. In classical conditioning a response is produced in relation to a specific stimulus, so the environment acts on the organism. In operant the organism performs a behavior and the environment responds thereby reinforcing the behavior. Examples of conditioning types: Classical Conditioning – Salivating in response to the smell of food Operant Conditioning - HavingRead More The Science of Psychology Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pagestwo main theories behind learning are Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning. Classical conditioning was the first type of learning to be discovered and studied within the behaviorist tradition. The basic assumption of Classical conditioning is that all behavior is learnt by association. It has its roots in Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov’s famous experiment with dogs and is thus also known as †Pavlovian conditioning†. He was successful in making the dogs salivateRead MoreOperant Vs. Classical Conditioning1211 Words   |  5 PagesOperant and Classical Conditioning Tiara Gordon PS 210 Professor Rivera Introduction Operant and Classical conditioning reminds me of the famous controversy, nature vs nurture. It’s like having a pessimistic or optimistic view on learning techniques and how much of the environment or genes influence the two. These learned behaviors have been scrutinized by people alike, some have debated that everything we do from the time we wake up to the time we go to sleep is operant conditioningRead MoreBinge Drinking and How It Applies to the Ottawa Charter888 Words   |  4 PagesClassical conditioning Classical conditioning is a form of basic learning the body automatically responds to a stimulus. One stimulus takes on the properties of another. The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) is credited for discovering the basic principles of classical conditioning whilst he was studying digestion in dogs. He developed a technique for collecting dog’s salivary secretions. Pavlov (cited in Eysneck M.W 2009) noticed that the dogs would often start salivating before they